Spread of Infectious Disease Using a Clip from Outbreak. SNIPPET LESSON PLAN FOR: The Spread of Viral Infections. Using Film Clips from Outbreak. These film clips are designed to supplement existing lessons on the spread of viral infectious disease. Subject: Health; Science/Biology; Ages: 1. High School; Length: 3. Learner Outcomes/Objectives: Students will have a clear picture of the path that a virus could take from a host animal to its first human victims and from there to an epidemic that could destroy an entire community.
Rationale: The film clips provide an excellent supplement to a unit on the spread of infectious disease. Description of the Snippet: A deadly virus is transmitted from Africa to the United States and threatens to cause an epidemic. The clips are taken from the first hour of the movie showing how the disease spreads. Helpful Background. THREATS TO HUMAN HEALTH PRESENTED BY VIRUSES.
When it was discovered that bacteria could cause disease, there were many illnesses for which bacterial agents could not be found. These included serious diseases such as smallpox, polio, rabies and influenza, as well as less serious maladies such as the common cold. These diseases, and many more, are caused by viruses.
Viruses are infectious agents which are between 2. They are too small to be seen through a normal microscope and can be visualized only through an electron microscope. Viruses consist of strands of genetic material (RNA or DNA) surrounded by a coating of protein (called a capsid). Viruses are not considered to be living organisms because they cannot reproduce outside of a living cell.
A virus binds to a cell when a part of the outer viral structure docks with a specific molecule on the cell surface. It then crosses the cell wall through a variety of methods (for example, injecting its genetic material through the cell wall or incorporating its capsid into the cell wall).
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Get the latest health news, diet & fitness information, medical research, health care trends and health issues that affect you and your family on ABCNews.com. If you're saying, "Sure, but it's not like my city is full of bears that can come eat all the zombies," you need to think smaller. Insects are a major pain in the ass. Wild rabbits are a serious mammalian pest and invasive species in Australia causing millions of dollars of damage to crops. Rabbits in Australia are European rabbits.
Directed by Richard Pearce. With Joely Richardson, Scott Cohen, Justina Machado, Ann Cusack. An outbreak of avian flu mutates into a virus that becomes transmittable.
Viruses multiply by inserting their genetic information into a cell and harnessing the cell machinery to replicate the viral genetic material and make new capsids. The new viruses are then transmitted to other cells, either through the cell wall or when the cells burst and die. Viruses are parasites on a cellular level.
New strains of disease- causing viruses are a constant threat because viruses mutate easily. For example, each year a new influenza virus causes illness in millions of people.
As a result, and because most drugs cannot disable a virus without harming healthy tissue, it is difficult to develop drug therapies to cure viral infections. Viruses can be transmitted from one animal species to another. They affect each species differently and one species can harbor viruses deadly to another without any ill effect. For example, most Ebola viruses and the Hanta virus, do not cause disease in their host animals, but they are deadly to man. The Ebola- Reston virus, on the other hand, is deadly to monkeys but does not cause illness in humans. Viral illnesses can be spread in a number of ways. Some, such as AIDS and Ebola, can only be spread through exchanges of blood or other bodily fluids.
Others, such as influenza and the common cold, are airborne and enter through the respiratory tract. The Hanta virus is spread by breathing dried rodent feces which become airborne. The Ebola virus is in the shape of a long rod, usually 8. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter.) The virus consists of a coiled strand of ribonucleic acid (RNA) contained in an envelope derived from the host cell membrane. The envelope is covered with spikes that are used by the virus to gain entry to new host cells. There are several strains of Ebola virus of varying degrees of mortality.
The most fatal is Ebola/Zaire which kills 8. The virus is called "Ebola" because it was first discovered near the Ebola river in Zaire.
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is characterized by severe headache, weakness and muscle aches, followed by abdominal pain, diarrhea, inflammation of the throat, eyes and mucous membranes, bleeding from body openings and destruction of internal organs. The incubation period is usually 5 to 1. The course of the disease is usually 7 to 1. Between 1. 2% and 5. There is no known cure. In Zaire in 1. 99.
This technique met with some success; but clinical trials have yet to be conducted. Conventional treatment consists of preventing shock and providing supportive care.
Care must be taken to prevent the spread of the illness to health care workers. Convalescence takes five weeks or more. The first identified outbreaks of Ebola occurred in 1. Zaire and one in Sudan. There were about 5.
Another outbreak occurred in the city of Kitwit, Zaire in 1. There have been isolated cases of Ebola in various places in Africa. Ebola spreads when a person becomes infected from an animal reservoir host and then spreads the disease to other humans.
The host and natural transmission cycle for the Ebola virus remains unknown. There are historic precedents for many of the events described in the film.
For example, neither smallpox nor the common cold existed in the Americas before the Europeans came. The indigenous population had not developed any genetic resistance to these viruses. Europeans brought these diseases with them, unintentionally causing pandemics which destroyed more than 3/4 of the population of some Native American tribes. It is believed by historians that the reason that the Spanish explorer Cortez, with only three hundred men, could conquer the massive and powerful Aztec empire was the spread of smallpox.
In 1. 98. 9, a deadly virus from Africa, the Lassa virus, was brought to the U. S. by a man who had traveled to Africa to attend the funerals of his parents, both of whom died from an illness thought to be caused by the Lassa virus. After the man flew home, he became ill, going to a suburban Chicago clinic complaining of fever and a sore throat. The doctors gave him antibiotics and sent him home where he died of Lassa fever.
Fortunately, no one else became infected, partially because of improved sanitation precautions at the clinic imposed to restrict the spread of AIDS. There was also an outbreak of a strain of Ebola virus that was fatal to monkeys but fortunately not to humans at a primate quarantine facility in Reston, Virginia in 1. Watch The Jerk Theory Full Movie.